diff --git a/src/map/ENC/iso8211.cpp b/src/map/ENC/iso8211.cpp
index 279ffded..22014971 100644
--- a/src/map/ENC/iso8211.cpp
+++ b/src/map/ENC/iso8211.cpp
@@ -188,12 +188,16 @@ bool ISO8211::readDDA(QFile &file, const FieldDefinition &def, SubFields &fields
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool ISO8211::readDDR(QFile &file)
+bool ISO8211::readDDR()
 {
 	QVector<FieldDefinition> fields;
-	qint64 pos = file.pos();
-	int len = readDR(file, fields);
 
+	if (!_file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
+		_errorString = _file.errorString();
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	int len = readDR(_file, fields);
 	if (len < 0) {
 		_errorString = "Not a ISO8211 file";
 		return false;
@@ -201,7 +205,7 @@ bool ISO8211::readDDR(QFile &file)
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < fields.size(); i++) {
 		SubFields def;
-		if (!readDDA(file, fields.at(i), def)) {
+		if (!readDDA(_file, fields.at(i), def)) {
 			_errorString = QString("Error reading %1 DDA field")
 			  .arg(QString(fields.at(i).tag));
 			return false;
@@ -209,7 +213,7 @@ bool ISO8211::readDDR(QFile &file)
 		_map.insert(fields.at(i).tag, def);
 	}
 
-	if (file.pos() != pos + len || fields.size() < 2) {
+	if (_file.pos() != len || fields.size() < 2) {
 		_errorString = "DDR format error";
 		return false;
 	}
@@ -231,6 +235,7 @@ bool ISO8211::readUDA(QFile &file, quint64 pos, const FieldDefinition &def,
 	const char *dp = ba.constData();
 	const char *ep = ba.constData() + ba.size() - 1;
 
+	data.clear();
 	data.setFields(&fields);
 
 	do {
@@ -287,11 +292,14 @@ bool ISO8211::readUDA(QFile &file, quint64 pos, const FieldDefinition &def,
 	return true;
 }
 
-bool ISO8211::readRecord(QFile &file, Record &record)
+bool ISO8211::readRecord(Record &record)
 {
+	if (_file.atEnd())
+		return false;
+
 	QVector<FieldDefinition> fields;
-	qint64 pos = file.pos();
-	int len = readDR(file, fields);
+	qint64 pos = _file.pos();
+	int len = readDR(_file, fields);
 
 	if (len < 0) {
 		_errorString = "Error reading DR";
@@ -313,7 +321,7 @@ bool ISO8211::readRecord(QFile &file, Record &record)
 
 		f.setTag(def.tag);
 
-		if (!readUDA(file, pos, def, it.value(), f.rdata())) {
+		if (!readUDA(_file, pos, def, it.value(), f.rdata())) {
 			_errorString = QString("Error reading %1 record")
 			  .arg(QString(def.tag));
 			return false;
diff --git a/src/map/ENC/iso8211.h b/src/map/ENC/iso8211.h
index 8bdb8177..542411eb 100644
--- a/src/map/ENC/iso8211.h
+++ b/src/map/ENC/iso8211.h
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
 #ifndef ENC_ISO8211_H
 #define ENC_ISO8211_H
 
+#include <QFile>
 #include <QByteArray>
 #include <QVariant>
 #include <QDebug>
 
-class QFile;
-
 #define UINT32(x) \
   (((quint32)*(const uchar*)(x)) \
   | ((quint32)(*((const uchar*)(x) + 1)) << 8) \
@@ -102,8 +101,9 @@ public:
 		}
 	};
 
-	bool readDDR(QFile &file);
-	bool readRecord(QFile &file, Record &record);
+	ISO8211(const QString &path) : _file(path) {}
+	bool readDDR();
+	bool readRecord(Record &record);
 
 	const QString &errorString() const {return _errorString;}
 
@@ -118,6 +118,7 @@ private:
 	bool readUDA(QFile &file, quint64 pos, const FieldDefinition &def,
 	  const SubFields &fields, Data &data) const;
 
+	QFile _file;
 	FieldsMap _map;
 	QString _errorString;
 };
diff --git a/src/map/ENC/mapdata.cpp b/src/map/ENC/mapdata.cpp
index 3f1f2451..99e0a9ad 100644
--- a/src/map/ENC/mapdata.cpp
+++ b/src/map/ENC/mapdata.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-#include <QFile>
 #include "common/util.h"
 #include "objects.h"
 #include "attributes.h"
@@ -751,31 +750,25 @@ bool MapData::bounds(const QVector<ISO8211::Record> &gv, Rect &b)
 
 MapData::MapData(const QString &path): _fileName(path)
 {
-	QFile file(_fileName);
 	QVector<ISO8211::Record> gv;
-	ISO8211 ddf;
+	ISO8211 ddf(_fileName);
+	ISO8211::Record record;
 	uint COMF = 1;
 
-	if (!file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly)) {
-		_errorString = file.errorString();
-		return;
-	}
-
-	if (!ddf.readDDR(file)) {
+	if (!ddf.readDDR()) {
 		_errorString = ddf.errorString();
 		return;
 	}
-	while (!file.atEnd()) {
-		ISO8211::Record record;
-		if (!ddf.readRecord(file, record)) {
-			_errorString = ddf.errorString();
-			return;
-		}
+	while (ddf.readRecord(record)) {
 		if (!processRecord(record, gv, COMF, _name)) {
 			_errorString = "Invalid S-57 record";
 			return;
 		}
 	}
+	if (!ddf.errorString().isNull()) {
+		_errorString = ddf.errorString();
+		return;
+	}
 
 	Rect b;
 	if (!bounds(gv, b)) {
@@ -807,30 +800,22 @@ MapData::~MapData()
 
 void MapData::load()
 {
-	QFile file(_fileName);
 	RecordMap vi, vc, ve, vf;
 	QVector<ISO8211::Record> fe;
-	uint COMF = 1, SOMF = 1;
-	ISO8211 ddf;
-	uint PRIM, OBJL;
+	ISO8211 ddf(_fileName);
+	ISO8211::Record record;
+	uint PRIM, OBJL, COMF = 1, SOMF = 1;
 	Poly *poly;
 	Line *line;
 	Point *point;
 	double min[2], max[2];
 
 
-	if (!file.open(QIODevice::ReadOnly))
+	if (!ddf.readDDR())
 		return;
-
-	if (!ddf.readDDR(file))
-		return;
-	while (!file.atEnd()) {
-		ISO8211::Record record;
-		if (!ddf.readRecord(file, record))
-			return;
+	while (ddf.readRecord(record))
 		if (!processRecord(record, fe, vi, vc, ve, vf, COMF, SOMF))
-			return;
-	}
+			qWarning("Invalid S-57 record");
 
 	for (int i = 0; i < fe.size(); i++) {
 		const ISO8211::Record &r = fe.at(i);